Rafaela Granja holds a PhD in Sociology (2015) from the Institute of Social Sciences, University of Minho. She is a researcher at Communication and Society Research Centre (CECS) of the same university. Her research interests lie at the intersection of sociology of crime and justice and social studies of science and technology and deal with the technological surveillance of criminalized populations at different stages of the criminal justice system, namely: criminal investigations, electronic monitoring and imprisonment. Granja is currently the Principal Investigator of the research project E-MONITORING, Electronic monitoring in the criminal justice system: Projected futures and lived experiences (ref. 2023.00030.RESTART) funded by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT). Her most recent publications include the books Genetic Surveillance and Crime Control (Routledge, 2022), Modes of Bio-Bordering: The Hidden (Dis)Integration of Europe (Palgrave, 2021), Forensic Genetics in the Governance of Crime (Palgrave, 2020).